Holy Bible: Easy-to-Read Version
Book of 1 Corinthians
Chapter 12  -  Read Chapter
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:1 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:1 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:1 JFB -> Commentary on 12:1 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:1 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:1 PNT -> Commentary on 12:1 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:1 SRN -> Study Notes on 12:1 TSK -> Commentary on 12:1 TSK -> Entry for 12:1 WEN -> Notes on 12:1 NTB -> Charism EBD -> Fellowship PWP -> Devotional using 12:1 12:1 - [In Context] Now, brothers and sisters, I want you to understand about spiritual {gifts}.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:2 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:2 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:2 JFB -> Commentary on 12:2 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:2 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:2 PNT -> Commentary on 12:2 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:2 TSK -> Commentary on 12:2 TSK -> Entry for 12:2 WEN -> Notes on 12:2 NTB -> Gentiles; Idolatry TTT -> Gentiles; Idolatry PWP -> Devotional using 12:2 12:2 - [In Context] You remember the lives you lived before you were believers. You let yourselves be influenced and led away {to worship} idols F81 --things that have no life.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:3 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:3 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:3 JFB -> Commentary on 12:3 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:3 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:3 PNT -> Commentary on 12:3 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:3 TSK -> Commentary on 12:3 TSK -> Entry for 12:3 WEN -> Notes on 12:3 NTB -> Blasphemy; Confession; Holy Spirit; Righteousness; Testimony; Trinity TTT -> Confessing Christ; Holy Spirit, The Personality of; Trinity, The EBD -> Anathema; Christ SBD -> Anathema PWP -> Devotional using 12:3 TV -> Devotional using 12:3 TV -> Devotional using 12:3 TV -> Devotional using 12:3 12:3 - [In Context] So I tell you that no person that is speaking with the help of God's Spirit says, "Jesus be cursed." And no person can say, "Jesus is Lord," without the help of the Holy Spirit. F82
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:4 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:4 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:4 JFB -> Commentary on 12:4 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:4 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:4 PNT -> Commentary on 12:4 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:4 SRN -> Study Notes on 12:4 TSK -> Commentary on 12:4 TSK -> Entry for 12:4 WEN -> Notes on 12:4 NTB -> Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Miracles; Trinity TTT -> Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit; Trinity, The EBD -> Gift PWP -> Devotional using 12:4 12:4 - [In Context] There are different kinds of {spiritual} gifts; but {they are all from} the same Spirit. F83
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:5 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:5 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:5 JFB -> Commentary on 12:5 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:5 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:5 PNT -> Commentary on 12:5 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:5 TSK -> Commentary on 12:5 TSK -> Entry for 12:5 WEN -> Notes on 12:5 NTB -> Church; Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Miracles; Trinity TTT -> Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit; Trinity, The PWP -> Devotional using 12:5 12:5 - [In Context] There are different ways to serve; but {all these ways are from} the same Lord.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:6 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:6 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:6 JFB -> Commentary on 12:6 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:6 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:6 PNT -> Commentary on 12:6 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:6 TSK -> Commentary on 12:6 TSK -> Entry for 12:6 WEN -> Notes on 12:6 NTB -> Gifts From God; God (continued); Holy Spirit; Miracles; Regeneration; Trinity TTT -> Holy Spirit, The, is God; Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit; Trinity, The PWP -> Devotional using 12:6 12:6 - [In Context] And there are different ways that God works in people; but {all these ways are from} the same God. God works in us all to do everything.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:7 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:7 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:7 JFB -> Commentary on 12:7 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:7 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:7 PNT -> Commentary on 12:7 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:7 TSK -> Commentary on 12:7 TSK -> Entry for 12:7 WEN -> Notes on 12:7 NTB -> Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Miracles; Prophets TTT -> Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit PWP -> Devotional using 12:7 12:7 - [In Context] Something from the Spirit can be seen in each person. The Spirit gives this to each person to help other people.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:8 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:8 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:8 JFB -> Commentary on 12:8 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:8 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:8 PNT -> Commentary on 12:8 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:8 TSK -> Commentary on 12:8 TSK -> Entry for 12:8 WEN -> Notes on 12:8 NTB -> Faith; Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Knowledge; Miracles; Prophets; Wisdom TTT -> Holy Spirit, The, is God; Holy Spirit, the Teacher, The; Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit EBD -> Apostle SBD -> Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:8 12:8 - [In Context] The Spirit gives one person the ability to speak with wisdom. And the same Spirit gives another person the ability to speak with knowledge.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:9 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:9 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:9 JFB -> Commentary on 12:9 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:9 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:9 PNT -> Commentary on 12:9 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:9 TSK -> Commentary on 12:9 TSK -> Entry for 12:9 WEN -> Notes on 12:9 NTB -> Faith; Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Miracles; Prophets TTT -> Faith; Sickness EBD -> Apostle; Holy Ghost SBD -> Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:9 12:9 - [In Context] The same Spirit gives faith to one person. And that one Spirit gives another person gifts of healing.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:10 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:10 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:10 JFB -> Commentary on 12:10 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:10 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:10 PNT -> Commentary on 12:10 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:10 SRN -> Study Notes on 12:10 TSK -> Commentary on 12:10 TSK -> Entry for 12:10 WEN -> Notes on 12:10 NTB -> Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Interpreter; Language; Miracles; Prophets; Tongue; Tongues (the gift) TTT -> Language; Miracles; Prophecy EBD -> Apostle; Holy Ghost; Tongues, Gift of SBD -> How the prophetic gift was received; Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:10 12:10 - [In Context] The Spirit gives to another person the power to do miracles, F84 to another person the ability to prophesy, F85 to another person the ability to know the difference between good and evil spirits. The Spirit gives one person the ability to speak in different kinds of languages, and to another person the ability to interpret those languages.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:11 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:11 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:11 JFB -> Commentary on 12:11 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:11 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:11 PNT -> Commentary on 12:11 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:11 TSK -> Commentary on 12:11 TSK -> Entry for 12:11 WEN -> Notes on 12:11 NTB -> Gifts From God; Holy Spirit; Prophets; Symbols And Similitudes TTT -> Emblems of the Holy Spirit, The; Holy Spirit, The, is God; Holy Spirit, The Personality of; Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit; Trinity, The EBD -> Apostle; Holy Ghost PWP -> Devotional using 12:11 12:11 - [In Context] One Spirit, the same Spirit, does all these things. The Spirit decides what to give each person.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:12 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:12 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:12 JFB -> Commentary on 12:12 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:12 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:12 PNT -> Commentary on 12:12 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:12 TSK -> Commentary on 12:12 TSK -> Entry for 12:12 WEN -> Notes on 12:12 NTB -> Church; Communion; Fellowship; Righteous TTT -> Church, The; Selfishness; Union With Christ PWP -> Devotional using 12:12 12:12 - [In Context] A person's body is only one thing, but it has many parts. Yes, there are many parts to a body, but all those parts make only one body. Christ is like that too:
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:13 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:13 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:13 JFB -> Commentary on 12:13 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:13 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:13 PNT -> Commentary on 12:13 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:13 TSK -> Commentary on 12:13 TSK -> Entry for 12:13 WEN -> Notes on 12:13 NTB -> Baptism; Church; Communion; Fellowship; Greece; Regeneration; Righteous; Servant TTT -> Baptism; Baptism with the Holy Spirit; Church, The; Communion with God; Divisions; Selfishness; Servants EBD -> Holy Ghost PWP -> Devotional using 12:13 TV -> Devotional using 12:13 TV -> Devotional using 12:13 TV -> Devotional using 12:13 12:13 - [In Context] Some of us are Jews and some of us are Greeks (non-Jews); some of us are slaves and some of us are free. But we were all baptized F86 into one body through one Spirit. F87 And we were all given F88 the one Spirit.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:14 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:14 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:14 JFB -> Commentary on 12:14 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:14 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:14 PNT -> Commentary on 12:14 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:14 TSK -> Commentary on 12:14 TSK -> Entry for 12:14 WEN -> Notes on 12:14 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:14 TV -> Devotional using 12:14 TV -> Devotional using 12:14 TV -> Devotional using 12:14 12:14 - [In Context] And a person's body has more than one part. It has many parts.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:15 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:15 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:15 JFB -> Commentary on 12:15 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:15 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:15 PNT -> Commentary on 12:15 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:15 TSK -> Commentary on 12:15 TSK -> Entry for 12:15 WEN -> Notes on 12:15 NTB -> Church TTT -> Feet, The; Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:15 12:15 - [In Context] The foot might say, "I am not a hand. So I don't belong to the body." But saying this would not stop the foot from being a part of the body.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:16 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:16 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:16 JFB -> Commentary on 12:16 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:16 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:16 PNT -> Commentary on 12:16 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:16 TSK -> Commentary on 12:16 TSK -> Entry for 12:16 WEN -> Notes on 12:16 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:16 12:16 - [In Context] The ear might say, "I am not an eye. So I don't belong to the body." But saying this would not make the ear stop being a part of the body.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:17 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:17 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:17 JFB -> Commentary on 12:17 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:17 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:17 PNT -> Commentary on 12:17 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:17 TSK -> Commentary on 12:17 TSK -> Entry for 12:17 WEN -> Notes on 12:17 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:17 12:17 - [In Context] If the whole body were an eye, then the body would not be able to hear. If the whole body were an ear, then the body would not be able to smell anything.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:18 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:18 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:18 JFB -> Commentary on 12:18 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:18 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:18 PNT -> Commentary on 12:18 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:18 TSK -> Commentary on 12:18 TSK -> Entry for 12:18 WEN -> Notes on 12:18 NTB -> Church; God TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:18 TV -> Devotional using 12:18 TV -> Devotional using 12:18 TV -> Devotional using 12:18 12:18 - [In Context]
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:19 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:19 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:19 JFB -> Commentary on 12:19 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:19 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:19 PNT -> Commentary on 12:19 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:19 WEN -> Notes on 12:19 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:19 TV -> Devotional using 12:19 TV -> Devotional using 12:19 TV -> Devotional using 12:19 12:19 - [In Context] If each part of the body were the same part, then there would be no body. But truly God put the parts in the body like he wanted them. He made a place for each one of them.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:20 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:20 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:20 JFB -> Commentary on 12:20 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:20 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:20 PNT -> Commentary on 12:20 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:20 WEN -> Notes on 12:20 NTB -> Church; Righteous TTT -> Saints, Compared to; Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:20 TV -> Devotional using 12:20 TV -> Devotional using 12:20 TV -> Devotional using 12:20 12:20 - [In Context] And so there are many parts, but only one body.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:21 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:21 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:21 JFB -> Commentary on 12:21 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:21 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:21 PNT -> Commentary on 12:21 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:21 TSK -> Commentary on 12:21 TSK -> Entry for 12:21 WEN -> Notes on 12:21 NTB -> Church TTT -> Feet, The; Hands, The; Head; Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:21 12:21 - [In Context] The eye cannot say to the hand, "I don't need you!" And the head cannot say to the foot, "I don't need you!"
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:22 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:22 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:22 JFB -> Commentary on 12:22 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:22 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:22 PNT -> Commentary on 12:22 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:22 TSK -> Commentary on 12:22 TSK -> Entry for 12:22 WEN -> Notes on 12:22 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:22 12:22 - [In Context] No! Those parts of the body that seem to be weaker are really very important.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:23 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:23 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:23 JFB -> Commentary on 12:23 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:23 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:23 PNT -> Commentary on 12:23 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:23 TSK -> Commentary on 12:23 TSK -> Entry for 12:23 WEN -> Notes on 12:23 NTB -> Church TTT -> Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:23 12:23 - [In Context] And the parts of the body that we think are not worth very much are the parts that we give the most care to. And we give special care to the parts of the body that we don't want to show.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:24 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:24 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:24 JFB -> Commentary on 12:24 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:24 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:24 PNT -> Commentary on 12:24 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:24 TSK -> Commentary on 12:24 TSK -> Entry for 12:24 WEN -> Notes on 12:24 NTB -> Church; God TTT -> Divisions; Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:24 12:24 - [In Context] The more beautiful parts of our body don't need this special care. But God put the body together and gave more honor to the parts that need it.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:25 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:25 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:25 JFB -> Commentary on 12:25 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:25 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:25 PNT -> Commentary on 12:25 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:25 TSK -> Commentary on 12:25 TSK -> Entry for 12:25 WEN -> Notes on 12:25 NTB -> Church; God TTT -> Compassion and Sympathy; Divisions; Selfishness EBD -> Schism PWP -> Devotional using 12:25 12:25 - [In Context] God did this so that our body would not be divided. God wanted the different parts to care the same for each other.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:26 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:26 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:26 JFB -> Commentary on 12:26 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:26 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:26 PNT -> Commentary on 12:26 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:26 TSK -> Commentary on 12:26 TSK -> Entry for 12:26 WEN -> Notes on 12:26 NTB -> Church TTT -> Compassion and Sympathy; Love to Man; Selfishness PWP -> Devotional using 12:26 12:26 - [In Context] If one part of the body suffers, then all the other parts suffer with it. Or if one part of our body is honored, then all the other parts share its honor too.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:27 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:27 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:27 JFB -> Commentary on 12:27 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:27 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:27 PNT -> Commentary on 12:27 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:27 TSK -> Commentary on 12:27 TSK -> Entry for 12:27 WEN -> Notes on 12:27 NTB -> Church; Fellowship; Righteous TTT -> Saints, Compared to; Selfishness; Union With Christ PWP -> Devotional using 12:27 TV -> Devotional using 12:27 TV -> Devotional using 12:27 TV -> Devotional using 12:27 TV -> Devotional using 12:27 12:27 - [In Context] All of you together are the body of Christ. Each one of you is a part of that body.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:28 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:28 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:28 JFB -> Commentary on 12:28 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:28 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:28 PNT -> Commentary on 12:28 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:28 TSK -> Commentary on 12:28 TSK -> Entry for 12:28 WEN -> Notes on 12:28 NTB -> Church; Instruction; Miracles; Tongue; Tongues (the gift) TTT -> Apostles, The; Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit EBD -> Governments; Helps; Prophet SBD -> How the prophetic gift was received; Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:28 12:28 - [In Context] And in the church God has given a place first to apostles, F89 second to prophets, F90 and third to teachers. Then God has given a place to those people that do miracles, F91 those people that have gifts of healing, those people that can help others, those people that are able to lead, and those people that can speak in different kinds of languages.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:29 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:29 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:29 JFB -> Commentary on 12:29 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:29 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:29 PNT -> Commentary on 12:29 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:29 TSK -> Commentary on 12:29 TSK -> Entry for 12:29 WEN -> Notes on 12:29 NTB -> Instruction SBD -> Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:29 12:29 - [In Context] Not all people are apostles. Not all people are prophets. Not all people are teachers. Not all people do miracles.
Study Resource List BCC -> Commentary on 12:30 DSN -> Synopsis on 12:30 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:30 JFB -> Commentary on 12:30 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:30 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:30 PNT -> Commentary on 12:30 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:30 WEN -> Notes on 12:30 NTB -> Interpreter; Miracles; Tongue; Tongues (the gift) TTT -> Sickness SBD -> Tongues, Gift of PWP -> Devotional using 12:30 12:30 - [In Context] Not all people have gifts of healing. Not all people speak in {different kinds of} languages. Not all people interpret those languages.
Study Resource List DSN -> Synopsis on 12:31 GEB -> Study Notes on 12:31 JFB -> Commentary on 12:31 MHC-COM -> Commentary on 12:31 MHC-CON -> Commentary on 12:31 PNT -> Commentary on 12:31 RWP -> Study Notes on 12:31 SRN -> Study Notes on 12:31 TSK -> Commentary on 12:31 TSK -> Entry for 12:31 WEN -> Notes on 12:31 NTB -> Holiness; Miracles TTT -> Miraculous Gifts of the Holy Spirit EBD -> Charity 12:31 - [In Context] But you should truly want to have the greater gifts {of the Spirit F92 }. And now I will show you the best way of all.
FOOTNOTES: F81: idol(s)   False gods made from wood or stone and worshiped by the non-Jewish people. F82: Spirit, Holy Spirit   Also called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, and the Comforter. Joined with God and Christ, he does God's work among people in the world. F83: Spirit, Holy Spirit   Also called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, and the Comforter. Joined with God and Christ, he does God's work among people in the world. F84: miracles   Amazing works done by God's power. F85: prophesy(ing)   To speak or teach things from God. F86: baptized   A Greek word meaning to be immersed, dipped, or buried briefly under water. F87: Spirit, Holy Spirit   Also called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, and the Comforter. Joined with God and Christ, he does God's work among people in the world. F88: given   Literally, "given to drink." F89: apostle(s)   The men Jesus chose to represent him in a special way. F90: prophet(s)   People that speak for God. F91: miracles   Amazing works done by God's power. F92: Spirit, Holy Spirit   Also called the Spirit of God, the Spirit of Christ, and the Comforter. Joined with God and Christ, he does God's work among people in the world.

Abbreviations Legend: BCC - Burton Coffman; DSN - Darby's Synopsis; GEB - Gill's Exposition; JFB - Jamieson, Fausset, Brown; MHC-COM - Matthew Henry Complete; MHC-CON - Matthew Henry Concise; PNT - People's New Testament; RWP - Robertson's Word Pictures; SRN - Scofield Reference Notes; TSK - Treasury of Scripture Knowledge; WEN - Wesley's Explanatory Notes; NTB - Nave's Topical Bible; TSK - Treasury of Scripture Knowledge; TTT - Torrey's Topical Textbook; EBD - Easton's Bible Dictionary; SBD - Smith's Bible Dictionary; TV - Today's Verse; PWP - Praying With Paul; Copyright Statement - Holy Bible: Easy-to-Read Version © 2001 by World Bible Translation Center, Inc. and used by permission.